Commerce - XI

 

Paper I - Theory (80 Marks)

1. Nature and Purpose of Business

• Classification of Human Activities: Differentiation between economic and non-economic activities, and distinctions between business, profession, and employment.
• Definition and Concept of Business: Characteristics of business, classification of activities including industry (types based on activity and size) and commerce (trade and aids to trade).
• Business Objectives: Economic, social, human, and national objectives, along with the role of profit.

2. Forms of Business Organisations

• Types of Business Organizations: Private sector, public sector, and Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs).
• Sole Trader: Characteristics, merits, and demerits.
• Partnership: Types, registration, partnership deed, merits, and demerits.
• Corporate Organizations: Joint Stock Company, stages of formation, promotion, incorporation, memorandum and articles of association, types of companies.
• Public Sector Undertakings: Departmental undertakings, public corporations, and government companies.
• Cooperative Organizations: Characteristics, types, and their advantages and disadvantages.

3. Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics

• Social Responsibility: Responsibility towards owners, investors, consumers, employees, government, and community; emphasis on environmental protection.
• Business Ethics: Importance and application of ethical behavior in business.

4. Emerging Modes of Business

• E-business: Scope, benefits, resources required, online transactions, payment mechanisms, and security concerns.
• Smart Cards: Their meaning and utility in transactions.

5. Stock Exchange

• Definition and Importance: Functions and services provided by stock exchanges.
• Major Stock Exchanges in India: Overview of BSE, NSE, DSE, and ASE.
• Types of Operators: Roles of brokers, jobbers, bulls, and bears.
• Common Stock Exchange Terms: Terms like ex-dividend, cum dividend, spot delivery, forward delivery.
• SEBI: Functions and objectives.
• DEMAT Account: Definition and importance.

6. Trade

• Wholesalers and Retail Trade: Characteristics and distinctions between wholesale and retail trade.
• Types of Retail Trade: Itinerant, small-scale fixed shops, departmental stores, chain stores, mail order houses, and automatic vending machines.
• Documents Used in Home Trade: Inquiry, quotation, catalogues, order, invoice, debit note, and credit note.
• Chambers of Commerce and Trade Associations: Their roles and services provided to business communities.

7. Foreign Trade

• Internal vs. External Trade: Meaning and characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of international trade.
• Export and Import Trade: Objectives, procedures, and types of documents used in international trade, such as letter of credit, bill of lading, and consular invoice.
• World Trade Organization (WTO): Objectives and role in facilitating international trade.

8. Insurance

• Purpose of Insurance: Objectives and types of insurance (life, health, fire, marine, etc.).
• Business Risks: Insurable vs. non-insurable risks, with examples.
• Principles of Insurance: Utmost good faith, insurable interest, indemnity, contribution, subrogation, and causa proxima.

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Paper II - Project Work (20 Marks)

Students are required to complete two projects based on topics covered in theory. Each project is marked as follows:

• Overall Format: 1 mark
• Content: 4 marks
• Findings: 2 marks
• Viva-voce: 3 marks

Suggested Project Topics

1. Tracing Product Origin: Track the journey of a daily-use consumer product from primary to tertiary industries.
2. Business Plan for a Partnership Firm: Develop a plan covering partnership deed, types of partners, and business objectives.
3. Public Sector Projects: Analyze objectives, profitability, and social utility of two infrastructure projects.
4. Public Private Partnership Projects: Study PPP projects and evaluate the contributions of each partner.
5. Cooperative Organizations: Compare the structure and objectives of consumer and housing cooperatives.
6. Case Studies on Social Responsibility: Document cases where companies failed to show responsibility towards stakeholders.
7. Corporate Social Responsibility: Analyze CSR initiatives of a pharmaceutical company and a five-star hotel.
8. Trade Associations and Chambers of Commerce: Study objectives and services provided by trade associations in your city.
9. Insurance Policy Comparison: Collect and analyze different types of life insurance policies.
10. BPO and KPO Industry in India: Examine growth and contributions of the BPO/KPO industry.

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This syllabus provides students with a solid understanding of the core concepts in Commerce, focusing on business organization, ethics, trade, and modern trends in business, along with practical applications through project work.